How many continents are there?	Seven
Name the seven continents..	North America; South America; Africa; Asia; Australia; Antarctica; Europe
The land mass that includes both Europe and Asia is called:	Eurasia
Name the eight geographic regions of North America.	Coastal Plain, Appalachian Mountains, Canadian Shield, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, Basin and Range, and Coastal Range.

Name the geographic region described: • Located along the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico • Broad lowland providing many excellent harbors	Coastal Plain
Name the geographic region described: • Located west of Coastal Plain extending from eastern Canada to western Alabama • Old, eroded mountains (oldest mountain range in North America)	Appalachian Mountains
Name the geographic region described: • Wrapped around Hudson Bay in a horseshoe shape • Hills worn by erosion and hundreds of lakes carved by glaciers • Holds some of the oldest rock formations in North America	Canadian Shield
Name the geographic region described: • Located west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Great Plains • Rolling flatlands with many rivers, broad river valleys, and grassy hills	Interior Lowlands

Name the geographic region described: • Located west of Interior Lowlands and east of the Rocky Mountains • Flat land that gradually increases in elevation westward; grasslands	Great Plains
Name the geographic region described: • Located west of the Great Plains and east of the Basin and Range • Rugged mountains stretching from Alaska to Mexico; high elevations • Contains the Continental Divide, which determines the directional flow of rivers	Rocky Mountains
Name the geographic region described: • Located west of Rocky Mountains and east of the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades • some small mountain ranges and Death Valley, the lowest point in North America	Basin and Range
Name the geographic region described: • Rugged mountains along the Pacific Coast that stretch from California to Canada • Fertile valleys	Coastal Range

This ocean served as the highway for explorers, early settlers, and later immigrants.	The Atlantic Ocean
This river was the gateway to the west.	The Ohio River
Inland port cities grew in the Midwest along these lakes.	The Great Lakes
These rivers were the transportation arteries for farm and industrial products. They were links to ports and other parts of the world.	The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers

This river was explored by Lewis and Clark.	The Columbia River
This river was explored by the Spanish.	The Colorado River
This river forms the border with Mexico.	The Rio Grande
This body of water provided the French and Spanish with exploration routes to Mexico and other parts of America	The Gulf of Mexico

These American Indians lived in present-day Alaska and northern Canada. They lived in Arctic areas where the temperature is below freezing much of the year.	Inuit
These Indians lived in the Pacific Northwest coast, where the climate was rainy and mild.	Kwakiutl
These Indians lived on the Great Plains. This region, which is covered by dry grasslands, is in the interior part of the United States.	Sioux
These Indians lived in the Southwest in present-day New Mexico and Arizona, where they lived in desert areas and areas bordering cliffs and mountains	Pueblo

These Indians lived in the heavily forested Eastern Woodland in the Northeast.	Iroquois
What factors greatly affected the way each of the American Indian groups lived, found food, and built shelters?	Geography and climate
What did Iroquois Indians of the Eastern Woodland use to build their homes?	Wood from the forests.
Which Indian group lived in teepees made from buffalo skin?	Sioux

Why did European countries compete for power in North America?	Reasons for exploration • Economic—Gold, natural resources, and trade • Religious—Spread of Christianity • Competitions for empire and belief in superiority of own culture
What were the obstacles faced by the explorers?	• Poor maps and navigational tools • Disease/starvation • Fear of unknown • Lack of supplies
What were the accomplishments of the explorations?	• Exchanged goods and ideas • Improved navigational tools and ships • Claimed territories
What regions of North America were explored and settled by France?	Samuel de Champlain established the French settlement of Quebec. Robert La Salle claimed the Mississippi River Valley

What regions of North America were explored and settled by Spain?	Francisco Coronado claimed southwest United States for Spain.
What regions of North America were explored and settled by England?	One of the first explorers sent by England was John Cabot. He explored eastern Canada. Later, various groups from England settled the 13 colonies.
Who claimed the Mississippi River Valley for France?	Robert La Salle
Who explored eastern Canada for England?	John Cabot

Who established the French settlement of Quebec (Canada)?	Samuel de Champlain
Who claimed land in the southwest for Spain?	Francisco Coronado
What regions of the world were explored by Portugal?	The Portuguese explored and traded in West Africa.
How did the American Indians and the Spanish interact with each other?	The Spanish – Conquered and enslaved American Indians – Brought Christianity to the New World – Brought European diseases

How did the American Indians and the French interact with each other?	The French – Established trading posts – Spread Christian religion (the French did not enslave Indians or take their land)
How did the American Indians and the English interact with each other?	The English – Established settlements and claimed ownership of land – Learned farming techniques from American Indians – Traded
In what areas did the Europeans and Indians sometimes cooperate?	• Sharing of technologies like weapons and farm tools • Trade • English learned farming techniques and learned about new crops.
What were some of the areas of conflict between the American Indians and the Europeans?	Areas of conflict • Land, Land, Land • Competition for trade • Differences in cultures • Disease • Language difference

Name the three West African societies that became powerful by controlling trade in West Africa.	Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Where were the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were located?	West Africa
The _______ carried goods from Europe to West African empires.	Portuguese
What goods did the Portuguese trade with the West African empires?	The Portuguese traded metals, cloth, and other manufactured goods for West African gold.

Colonies in North America were established for ______ and ______ reasons	religious and economic
Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) was established as an ______ venture (for money and profit).	economic
Jamestown was an _______ venture by the Virginia Company of London (for profit).	economic
Plymouth colony was settled by Pilgrim separatists from the Church of England who wanted to avoid ____________.	religious persecution

Massachusetts Bay Colony was settled by _____ who wanted to avoid religious persecution.	Puritans
Pennsylvania was settled by the ____________, who wanted to have freedom to practice their faith without interference.	Quakers
Georgia was settled by people who had been in _______ in England. They wanted a new life and ______ freedom in the New World.	debtor’s prison; economic
Which colony was the first permanent English settlement in North America?	Jamestown (1607) Roanoke Island was settled earlier, but the settlers disappeared.

Which colony was the "lost colony".	Roanoke Island
Where did the Quakers settle?	Pennsylvania
Name three colonies that were settled for economic reasons?	Roanoke Island, Jamestown, and Georgia
Name three colonies that were settled for religious reasons.	Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Pennsylvania

Name the four New England colonies.	New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut
Name the four Mid-Atlantic colonies	New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York
Name the five Southern colonies	Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
Which group of colonies is described below? Excellent harbors made trade the chief source of income. Fishing, shipbuilding, naval supplies and lumber were also important.	New England colonies

Which group of colonies is described below? These colonies had a diverse population, including Quakers, Scots-Irish, Germans, Dutch, Swedes, and immigrants from many other European countries.	Mid- Atlantic colonies
Which group of colonies is described below? A warm climate, long growing season and fertile lands produced rich crops of cotton, tobacco, rice and indigo.	The Southern colonies
Which group of colonies is described below? Colonists lived in or around villages and towns. Citizens met in town meetings to discuss the important issues of the day.	New England colonies
Which group of colonies is described below? Few cities, few schools. Social life centered around the plantations.	Southern colonies

Which group of colonies is described below? A mix of thriving cities, and successful farms. Philadelphia was one of the most important cities in colonial America. Shopping was done in market towns.	Mid- Atlantic colonies
Which group of colonies is described below? Most of the early settlers lived in towns and villages around the excellent harbors. Many carried on some kind of trade or business.	New England colonies
Which group of colonies is described below? Small farms surrounded the towns and villages, but the rocky, thin soil made it difficult to make a living from farming.	New England colonies
Which group of colonies is described below? Mostly rural (farming). A mix of large plantations supported by slave labor and smaller farms.	Southern colonies

Which group of colonies is described below? Society here was more tolerant than elsewhere and accepted a mix of people, languages, religions and cultures.	Mid-Atlantic colonies
These people worked as craftsmen in towns and on plantations.	Artisans
These people worked as caretakers, house-workers, homemakers. They could not vote and had few chances for an education.	Women
These people were men and women who did not have money for passage to the colonies and who agreed to work without pay for the person who paid for their passage. They were free at the end of their contract. .ct	Indentured servants

Slaves were owned as _______ for life. They had no ______.	property; rights
How did England impose economic control over the colonies?	• England imposed strict control over trade. • England taxed the colonies after the French and Indian War. • Colonies traded raw materials for goods.
How did England impose political control over the colonies?	• Colonists had to obey English laws that were enforced by governors. • Colonial governors were appointed by the king or by the proprietor. • Colonial legislatures made laws for each colony and were monitored by colonial governors
Why did England impose taxes such as the Stamp Act after the French and Indian War?	To raise revenue to pay the cost of the French and Indian War. · To help with the maintaining of English troops in the colonies

Who enforced English laws in the colonies?	The colonial governors, who were generally appointed by the English King or proprietor
Were colonial legislatures (law-making bodies) free to make laws for the colonies?	No, colonial legislatures were monitored by the colonial governors who were appointed by England
Why did colonists feel that taxes like the Stamp Act were unfair?	Because colonies had no representation in Parliament.
Why were the colonists becoming increasingly unhappy with England?	1. Colonies had no representation in Parliament. 2. Some colonists resented power of colonial governors. 3. England wanted strict control over colonial legislatures. 4. Colonies opposed taxes. 5. The Proclamation of l763 hindered the western movement of settlers

Why did the Proclamation of l763 anger the colonists?	It did not permit them to move west of the Appalachian Mountains in search of better farmland and new opportunities.
Why did England impose the Proclamation of 1763?	England did not want to spend money protecting and defending settlers as they moved west onto new lands.
Why did England want to increase control over the colonies?	• England desired to remain a world power. • England needed to raise money to pay the cost of the French and Indian War and felt it was necessary to impose taxes such as the Stamp Act
As England expanded control over the American colonies, many colonists became:	dissatisfied and rebellious

This English philosopher's ideas about government helped shape the thinking of revolutionary leaders.	John Locke
What were some of John Locke's ideas?	· People have natural rights to life, liberty, and property. · Government is created to protect the rights of people and has only the limited and specific powers the people consent to give it.
John Locke's ideas about government were expressed in the:	Declaration of Independence
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?	Thomas Jefferson

What ideas about government were expressed in the Declaration of Independence?	• People have “certain unalienable rights” (rights that cannot be taken away)—life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. • People establish government to protect those rights. • Government derives power from the people. • People have a right and a duty to change a government that violates their rights.
What are unalienable rights?	Rights that cannot be taken away (life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness).
Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that the right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" are:	unalienable rights - in other words rights that cannot be taken away from people
An important idea in the Declaration of Independence is that people establish governments to:	protect their rights

Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that government derives (gets) power from:	the people
Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence that if the government violates the rights of the people, then people have a right and a duty to:	change the government
Who was the British king during the Revolutionary era?	King George III
Who was the British general who surrendered at Yorktown?	Lord Cornwallis

Who was the Commander of the Continental Army?	George Washington
Who was an outspoken member of the House of Burgesses who inspired colonial patriotism with his “Give me liberty or give me death” speech?	Patrick Henry
Who was a journalist, and the author of Common Sense?	Thomas Paine
Who was a prominent member of Continental Congress who helped frame the Declaration of Independence?	Benjamin Franklin

Who was a former slave who wrote poems and plays supporting American independence?	Phyllis Wheatley
Who was a patriot who made a daring ride to warn colonists of British arrival, crying, “The British are coming!”?	Paul Revere
During the ___________, colonists in Boston were shot after taunting British soldiers.	Boston Massacre
Delegates from all colonies met to discuss problems with England and to promote independence. This meeting was called the:	First Continental Congress

The first battle of the Revolutionary War was the:	Battle of Lexington and Concord
Colonies signed the of the Declaration of Independence and declared independence from England on:	July 4, 1776
This American victory was the turning point in the Revolutionary War.	the Battle of Saratoga
This was the colonial victory over forces of Lord Cornwallis that marked the end of the Revolutionary War.	Surrender at Yorktown

England recognized American independence in this treaty.	The Treaty of Paris
What advantages helped the American colonists win the Revolutionary War?	• Colonists’ defense of their own land, principles, and beliefs • Support from France and Spain • Strong leadership
A constitution written during the Revolution to establish the powers of the new national government was called:	The Articles of Confederation
What were the basic weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?	• Provided for a weak national government • Gave Congress no power to tax or regulate commerce among the states • Provided for no common currency • Gave each state one vote regardless of size • Provided for no executive or judicial branch

What kind of system of government did the Constitution establish?.	A federal system of government (government based on power shared between the national and state governments)
What is a federal system of government?	A system that divides powers between the national government and the governments of the states
What are some of the basic principals of our government?	Separation of powers Checks and balances
The structure of the new national government was based on James Madison’s ___ ___ which called for three separate branches of government.	Virginia Plan

What are the three separate branches of government?	– Legislative Branch – Judicial Branch – Executive Branch
What is the job of the Legislative Branch?	to make laws
What is the job of the Executive Branch?	to carry out laws
What is the job of the Judicial Branch?	to determine if laws are constitutional

The legislative branch of the federal government is:	Congress
Congress is a two-house legislature consisting of:	the Senate and the House of Representatives
All states are represented equally in the:	Senate
How many Senators are there per state in the Senate?	2

In the House of Representatives, the number of each state's representatives is based on:	the state's population
Which branch of government is the Supreme Court part of?	The Judicial Branch
The head of the Executive Branch is:	The President
What is the branch of government that determines if laws made by Congress are constitutional and if laws are being broken?	The Judicial Branch

Which branch of government carries out laws?	The Executive Branch
The structure of the new national government was based on James Madison’s “Virginia Plan.” What idea did the Virginia Plan contribute?	The idea of 3 separate branches of govenment.
Who wrote the Virginia Plan?	James Madison
Another principal of our new government was:	checks and balances

What are "checks and balances"?	• Each branch of government can check the power of the other. • These checks keep any one branch from gaining too much power.
Why did Samuel Adams and Paul Revere lead patriots in throwing tea into Boston Harbor during the Boston Tea Party?	to protest tea taxes
The first ten amendments to the Constitution is the:	Bill of Rights
Who was the author of the Bill of Rights?	James Madison

What does the Bill of Rights do?	It provides a written guarantee of individual rights
What are some of the individual rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?	freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of religion
The disagreement between these two men on the role of the national government resulted in the creation of two political parties.	Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton became the leader of the:	Federalist Party

Thomas Jefferson became leader of this party.	Democratic Republicans
Which party? – Favored strong national government – Favored limits on states’ powers – Favored development of industry on a national scale – Favored a national bank	The Federalist Party (led by Hamilton)
Which party? – Favored a weak national government – Supported states’ powers – Favored small business and farmers – Opposed a national bank	The Democratic Republican Party (led by Jefferson)
Which party wanted a weak national government and more power with the states?	The Democratic Republicans

Which party favored big business and industry, rather than small business and farmers?	The Federalist Party
Which party opposed a national bank?	The Democratic Republicans
Who were the first five presidents?	George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Monroe
All of the first five presidents were Virginians except:	John Adams

What were some of George Washington's accomplishments	• Federal court system was established. • Political parties grew out of the disagreements between Hamilton and Jefferson over the proper role of the national government. • The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution. • Plans were initiated for development of the national capital in Washington, D.C
Who was an African American astronomer and surveyor that helped complete the design for Washington, D.C.?	Benjamin Banneker,
A two-party system emerged during the presidency of:	John Adams
What were some of the accomplishments of Jefferson's presidency?	• He bought Louisiana from France (Louisiana Purchase). • Lewis and Clark explored this new land west of the Mississippi River

During whose presidency, did the War of l812 caused European nations to gain respect for the United States?	James Madison
One of Monroe's accomplishments was the:	Monroe Doctrine
What does the Monroe Doctrine do?	It warns European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere
1801 and 1861 was a period of:	vast territorial expansion and settlement.

What new territories were added to the United States between 1801 and 1861?	Louisiana Purchase Florida Texas Oregon California
The land Jefferson bought from France _____ the size of the United States.	doubled
Where did Lewis and Clark explore?	The Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean